True or False: Addiction and physical dependence always occur together.

• A. True
• B. Sometimes
• C. Only with chronic use
• D. False

Answer: (D)

Addiction and physical dependence are distinct concepts. Physical dependence means the body has adapted to the drug, so stopping abruptly causes withdrawal and you may need higher doses (tolerance). Addiction, however, is a behavioral pattern—strong cravings, compulsive use, and continued use despite negative consequences.

They don’t have to occur together. A person can develop physical dependence on a medication they use as prescribed and experience withdrawal if they stop, yet not be addicted because they don’t crave the drug or engage in compulsive use. Conversely, someone can exhibit addictive behaviors—seeking the drug or pattern of use despite harm—without showing a clear or prominent withdrawal syndrome. Many substances can produce one without the other, and in practice they often occur together, but they are not the same thing.